Papers
Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O., Aircraft engine-airframe match for a minimum climb pollution,STROJNISKI VESTNIK-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN 0039-2480, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, (accepted for publication 1/5/2010) ( IF 2008:0.235). Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Vasov Lj., Mirosavljevic P., COSTS OF AVIATION IN UNSAFETY / / Technological and economic development of economy. Vilnius: Technika, 2010, Vol. 16, No. 2, p. 188-201. DOI: 10.3846/tede.2010.12 Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Vasov Lj., Mirosavljevic P., Influence of weight and balance of aircraft flight safety,research and design for the economy iipp, ISSN1451-4117 UDC 33, no. 2 vol.8. 2010th number of 8 (2010) 2, 176.83 to 92 Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Vasov Lj., Mirosavljevic P., Methodology for assessing the cost of transport aircraft accidents, details, ISSN0040-2176, (accepted for publication 01/20/2010) Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O., Stoljiljković B. EFFECT Subsc LETNE PREPARATION OF FLIGHT AIRCRAFT OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT, ICDQM-2010, 13 International Conference "Quality and reliability", 1. International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering and Management ", accepted for publication in the Proceedings, 13 pages, Belgrade, 29-30 June 2010. Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O., THE TURBO FAN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT AIR POLLUTION EMISSION footprint, 13th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT SCIENCE ICTS 2010 Proceedings povzetkov, 10 pages, Portoroz, Slovenia, May of 2010 Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Mirosavljevic P., THE IMPACTS OF AIRCRAFT INCIDENT ON THE UNIT OPERATING COSTS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT, 12th WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH (WCTRS), accepted for publication in the Proceedings CD release, 6 pages, Lisbon, Portugal, in July of 2010 Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Mirosavljevic P. Vasov LJ., Optimizing the utilization of REDISPATCH PROCEDURES IN AIR TRANSPORT, ICDQM-2010, 13 International Conference "Quality and reliability", 1 International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering and Management ", accepted for publication in the Proceedings, 15 pages, Belgrade, 29-30 June 2010. Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo A., A MODEL OF AIR TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT AS A MEASURE FOR AT AIRPORTS mitigating POLLUTION: THE CASE Nikola Tesla Airport, 14th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, accepted for publication in the Proceedings CD edition, 15 pages, Porto, Portugal, July 2010. Čokorilo O., Gvozdenovic S., Mirosavljevic P., A Probabilistic Risk Assessment TECHNIQUE FOR AIRCRAFT LANDING SAFETY MANAGEMENT 14th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, accepted for publication in the Proceedings CD edition, 16 pages, Porto, Portugal, in July of 2010 Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O. The turbo-fan aircraft pollution charges mitigation strategy, 12th WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH (WCTRS), accepted for publication in the Proceedings CD release, 6 pages, Lisbon, Portugal, in July of 2010 2009
D. Teodorović. S. Gvozdenovic, FUTURE RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION ARENA: THE WAY TO GO, 12th International Conference on Transport Science, ICTS 2009, Conference Proceedings, CD ROM, ISBN 978-961-6044-87-5, work published by invitation in its entirety, 4-5. June 2009., Portoroz, Slovenia Peter Mirosavljevic, Slobodan Gvozdenovic, Olja Čokorilo The Transport Aircraft Turbo Fan Minimum Pollution Vs Minimum Cost Climb Schedule, AIAA 2009-7100, 9th AIAA AVIATION TECHNOLOGY, INTEGRATION, AND OPERATIONS Conference (ATIO) AND AIAA / AAAF AIRCRAFT NOISE REDUCTION AND SYMPOSIUM Emissions (ANERS), SOUTH CAROLINA, USA, 21-23. September, 2009. (On line: http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMATIO09_2196/PV2009_7100.pdf ) Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O. The contribution of optimal transport aircraft turbo fan climb schedule to air company economy, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY, BALTIC JOURNAL ON SUSTAINABILITY, ISSN 1392-8619 print ISSN 1822-3613 online, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Dept. of Building Technology and Management, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius-40, Lithuania, (accepted for publication 10.06.2009, in press from 15.9.2009. On line http://www.tede.vgtu.lt/en/lt/2/STR_SPAUDAI ) Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O, The Turbo Fan Minimum Cost Aircraft Climb Technique, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Techology: An International Journal, Volume 81, Issue 4, Page 334-342,http://www.emeraldinsight. com / Insight / viewContentItem.do; jsessionid = 3BA9665E7F1F6736975DAC4FA453F8B1? contentType = Article & contentId = 1795658
Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O., COST OF FUEL TO INCREASE COSUMPTION AIRLINE: Assessment OF AN ACARE POLLUTION STANDARDS, 13TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE WORLD AIR TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY (ATRS), Paper No.. 75, 15 pages, Abu Dhabi, June, 2009 Čokorilo O., Mirosavljevic P., Gvozdenovic S. ROSE IMPLEMENTATION IN RISK SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SMS) PROCESS, 13TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE WORLD AIR TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY (A TRS), Paper No.. 14, 15 pages, Abu Dhabi, June, 2009 Ljubisa Vasov, Slobodan Gvozdenovic, Olja Čokorilo, Brandon Stojiljkovic, estimate the amount of pollutant emitted LTO CYCLE OF AIRCRAFT, 12. International Conference Quality and reliability ICDQM-200 9 Proceedings of the UDC 658.56, ISSN 1451-4966, pp.263-270, Belgrade, 25.-26. June 2009. The Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O., CONTINUAL VS. CONVENTIONAL plunge transport plane, 12thInternational Conference Quality and reliability ICDQM-200 9 Proceedings of the UDC 658.56, ISSN 1451-4966, pp.293-305, Belgrade, 25.-26. June 200 9. In
2008 Mirosavljević P., Gvozdenovic S., Čokorilo O. MONITORING performance degradation in the operational preparation FLIGHT TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT, TECHNOLOGY, 2008, ISSN0040-2176, Vol 55, no. 5, pp.5.-10. Management activities AIRCRAFT COMPANY IN ORDER TO REDUCE FUEL ECONOMY, SYM-OP-IS 2008, Soko Banja, 14-17.09.2008, Proceedings: XXXV Symposium on Operational Research, pp.563-566, ISBN 978-86-7395-248-2 O.Čokorilo, APPLICATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN MAINTENANCE Powerplant, SYM-OP-IS 2008, Soko Banja, 14-17.09.2008, Proceedings: XXXV Symposium on Operational Research, pp.679-682, ISBN 978-86-7395 - 248-2 SIMULATION MODEL WORKSHOP FOR AUDIT Motor Aeronautical ENGINES, SYM-OP-IS 2008, Soko Banja, 14-17.09.2008, Proceedings: XXXV Symposium on Operational Research, pp.601-604, ISBN 978-86-7395-248-2 O.Čokorilo "Risk management implementation in aircraft accident cost analysis" 12nd Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, CD edition, Athens, Greece, July 60-10, 2008 2007
S. Gvozdenovic, P. Mirosavljevic, O.Čokorilo, "Institutional Capacity Building Project in the Aviation Transport Sector in Serbia" 8 Balkan Congress of Freight Forwarders, Belgrade, 17-18 May 2007 2006
Mirosavljević P., The determination of optimal fuel saving flight profiles, 10th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, Proceedings CD edition, 6 pages, Nagoya, Japan, July 2006 O.Č hardened, "Costs of unsafety in aviation," 10th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, CD edition, Nagoya, Japan, May 26th-28th, 2006
Brandon Stojiljkovic, Ljubisa Vasov, Peter Mirosavljevic, Olja Čokorilo, "AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE drive system from the aspect of LEVEL FUEL", 9 International Conference, Quality control reliability DQM-2006, Proceedings, pp. 479-484, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 14-15. June 2006
Vasov Ljubisa, Brandon Stojiljkovic, Peter Mirosavljevic, Olja Čokorilo, IMPACT CONDITIONS AERODYNAMICS AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE OF FUEL ", 9 International Conference Quality and reliability DQM-2006, Proceedings, pp.485-491, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 14-15. June 2006
2005
S. Gvozdenovic, P. Mirosavljevic, O.Čokorilo, "The flight safety improvement trought ICT implementation in air information system" Postel '05 - XXIII Symposium on Novel Technologies in Postal and Telecommunication Traffic, pp.223-228, The Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 13-14 December 2005 Mirosavljević P., Optimization of transport aircraft climb performance, 9th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, Proceedings CD edition, 12 pages, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 6 July, 2005. The S. Gvozdenovic, P. Mirosavljevic, A. Vujic, "Influence of delays on total costs in airline industry" 9th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, CD edition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil July 3-6, 2005 A. Vujic "Regional aircraft investigation by multiatribute analyzing technological and operational parameters," 9th Annual World Conference, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, CD edition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil July 3-6, 2005
Gvozdenovic S., Mirosavljevic P., A. Vujic, cost management flight, 7 International Conference Quality and reliability DQM-2004, Belgrade, Proceedings, pp. 520-525, 16-17. June 2004. The
A. Vujic, S. Gvozdenovic, P. Mirosavljević "Identifying the benefits of maintaining aircraft multi-criteria analysis parameters are a function of time", 7 International Conference Quality and reliability DQM-2004, Belgrade, Proceedings, pp. 155-160
Peter Mirosavljevic, Slobodan Gvozdenovic, Olja Vujic, "IMPACT PERFORMANCE VION the delay in commercial aviation", 7 International Conference Quality and reliability DQM-2004, Belgrade, Proceedings, pp. 526-532, 16.-17.June 2004. The
2003 "Procedures for Choosing System Maintenance of Aircraft DC-10-30 Hydraulic System", 6th International Conference, "Dependability and Quality Management DQM-2003, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 18-22 June 2003. Olja Vujic, "Fuzzy Logic for Modeling the Air Traffic Controller's Decisions", 6th International Conference, Dependability and Quality Management DQM-2003, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 18-22. June 2003 2002 "Commonality as a possibility to reduce operating costs of a newly acquired aircraft in a regional operator's fleet," 5th International Conference, Dependability and Quality Management DQM-2002, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 26-27 June2002. "The Improvement of aircraft safety and exploitation efficency by using of fiber optic cable," The Twentieth Symposium on Novel Technologies in Postal Telecomunicatioon And Traffic, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 10 and 11December 2002. O. Vujic, "The human factor in the fast-time simulations," presented and published in the Proceedings of the conference ERGONOMICS 2002, Belgrade, 2002, p. 23-26 Olja Vujic, "Human Factor Modelling for Fast Time Simulations", EUROCONTROL CRDS, Budapest, Hungary, 2002 ( www.eurocontrol.int / crds / documents.html ) 2001
Free Gvozdenovic, Peter Mirosavljevic, Olja Vujic, "commonality As The Possibility of Reducing Operating Costs Of A New Aircraft In The Regional Operator's Fleet", Communications in Dependability and Quality Management, An International Journal, The Research Center of Dependability and Quality Management, PO Box 132, 32102, Cacak, Serbia and Montenegro 2000
Obrad Babic, Mirijana Cangalovic, Ljubisa Vasov: Heuristic algorithm for operational airspace sectorization, Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the Euro Working Group Transportation (EWGT), Workshop of the International Foundation for Production Research (IFPRI) on Management of Industrial Logistic Systems, Rome, Italy, 11-14 September, 2000, pp 265-269. D. Petrovic, P. Mirosavljevic, "Defining the new traffic plane by applying the tools of genetic programming", Symposium on Computer Science and Information Technology YUINFO 2000, Kopaonik, 27-31.03.2000, (a paper published in its entirety), Proceedings on CD Rom, 108_147.pdf. P. Mirosavljevic, D. Petrovic, "The program to define the configuration of the cabin and cargo compartment of aircraft for air traffic," Symposium on Computer Science and Information Technology YUINFO 2000, Kopaonik, 27-31.03.2000, (a paper published in its entirety), Proceedings on CD Rom , 109_144.pdf. D. Petrovic, P. Mirosavljevic, "Determining of the Geometry of Transport Aircraft Using Genetic Programming Tools", paper accepted for Exposing and publishing on SYM-OP-IS 2000, XXVII Yugoslav Symposium of Operational Research, Belgrade, 10-13 May. 2000th P. Mirosavljevic, D. Petrovic, "The Program for Configuration of Passenger Cabin And Cargo Aircraft for the Department of Civil Air Traffic", paper accepted for Exposing and publishing on SYM-OP-IS 2000, XXVII Yugoslav Symposium of Operational Research, Belgrade, 10-13 May. 2000th 1999
S. Gvozdenovic "Usability of a Regional Transport Versus Cost and Yields", JATWW-Journal of Air Transportation World Wide, Volume 4 No.2, pp.1-21., University of Nebraska at Omaha Aviation Institute Omaha, Nebraska, USA, 1999 S. Gvozdenovic "Forecasts and trends in the development of transport aircraft, peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in the technique-Traffic, 1999 Z. Gabriel, LJ. Vasov: New Yugoslav Ultra - Light glider, OSTIV XXVI Congress, Bayrenth, Germany, 06-13 August, 1999. Obrad Babic, Mirijana Cangalovic, LJubisa Vasov: Daily Operational Airspace Sectorization, Proceedings of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, Modeling and Management in Transportation, Volume 1, Poznan - Krakow, Poland, 12-16 October, 1999, pp 99-103. LJ. Vasov, Christina Gabriel: The concept of aircraft with variable pitch rotor and its application in commercial aviation, technology, Alliance engineers and technicians of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, no. 4 (II Congress of traffic), November, 1999, pp 189-192. 1998 LJ. Vasov, Obrad Babic, Vojin Tosic: A simulation model of air traffic, XXV Yugoslav Symposium on Operational Research, Symopis '98, Herceg Novi, 21-24 September, 1998, pp 643-646.
Z. Gabriel, V. Sorondo, LJ. Vasov: Wind tunnel experiments on the Yugoslav model of "World Class" glider, Technical Soaring, A Journal of the Soaring Society of America, Hobbes, Volume 22, Number 4, October, 1998, pp 103-106.
P. Mirosavljevic, "The influence of the coefficient of utilization of the passenger cabin and cargo compartment to Break Even Point", XXV Yugoslav Symposium on Operational Research SYM-OP-IS '98, Proceedings, Herceg Novi, September 1998, pp. 827-830. 1997 S. Gvozdenovic "The impact of the annual utilization of aircraft in operating costs in long-haul traffic," International scientific meeting Air Force 97, 11 and 12 December 1997, Belgrade, Proc. E41-E44
LJubisa Vasov: Models of change management and technical state of the system, XXIV Yugoslav Symposium on Operational Research, Symopis '97, Becici, October 7 to 10, 1997, pp 561-564.
LJubisa Vasov: Impact dynamics use the aircraft to the level of spare parts, International scientific conference "Aerospace '97", Belgrade, 11-12 December, 1997, pp E51-E56.
P. Mirosavljevic, D. Petrovic, "Impact of aircraft operating empty weight on the performance of the takeoff and landing," International scientific meeting Air Force 97, 11 and 12 December 1997, Belgrade, Proc. A28-A33
D. Petrovic, P. Mirosavljevic "Comparison of the required block fuel and block time for aircraft turbojet and elisomlazni same capacity," International scientific meeting Air Force 97, 11 and 12 December 1997, Belgrade, Proc. E45-E50 1996 D. Zoric, S. Gvozdenovic "Aircraft noise problem in the airports with mixed fleet civilian / military traffic," Fourth International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 24-27 June 1996, St. Petersburg, Russia, Proceedings, Volume 3, pp 1695-1698
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "We need capacity aircraft for air traffic in the long-term development of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," Yugoslav VI Conference on the traffic-concept development of the transport system of Yugoslavia until 2010, 19 and 20 September 1996, Subotica, Proc. 189-193
Zoran Radosavljevic, LJubisa Vasov: Simulation of weather possibilities fighter aviation, Original, Belgrade, no. 2, March-April, 1996, pp 187-195. 1995 I. Babačev, S. Gvozdenovic "International passenger traffic at the Belgrade airport after the suspension of sanctions against the FRY," International scientific meeting Air Force 95, 14 and 15 December 1995, Belgrade, Proc. F1-F5
S. Gvozdenovic, P. Ivanovic, "The influence of the mass of empty aircraft performance and operating costs of aircraft traffic," International scientific meeting Air Force 95, 14 and 15 December 1995, Belgrade, 1995, Proc. F13-F16
S. Gvozdenovic "Productivity as a function of airplane traffic block flying time", International scientific meeting Air Force 95, 14 and 15 December 1995, Belgrade, Proc. F24-F30
LJubisa Vasov: Simulation of circular motion brakes landing gear aircraft DC-9 during the operation in JAT, XXII Yugoslav Symposium on Operational Research, Symopis '95, Donji Milanovac, 03-07 October, 1995, pp 717-720.
LJubisa Vasov: parameters of effectiveness kruzecih parts of aircraft, International scientific conference "Aerospace '95", Belgrade, 14-15 December, 1995, pp D18-D23.
1994
1993
1992 S. Gvozdenovic "Definition of the useful range aircraft through flight evaluation of the specification," Proceedings of the nineteenth Sym-op is 92, Belgrade 1992 1991
LJubisa Vasov, The Sound and the methods of reducing noise of turbojet propulsion, "Yu XIII Conference" Noise and vibration in living and working environment ", Nis, 26-27 September, 1991 1990
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "The importance of regional transport aircraft in internal traffic of the SFRY", Proceedings of the scientific gathering Optimization of transport system of Yugoslavia, Belgrade 1990
D. Zoric, S. Gvozdenovic "Positive results of the long range noise abetment program for the Belgrade airport. A housing project in the formerly abandoned area, "Proceedings of Inter-Noise 90, Gothenburg, Sweden 1990
1989
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "The technical accuracy of the fleet of aircraft as a criterion of procurement", Proceedings of the XVI Sym-op is 89, Kupari 1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric, "The contribution of the new DHC-7 aircraft secondary air traffic Yugoslavia", Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of JAD, Zagreb 1985
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric, M. Tausanovic "Noise of the General airplanes influence on environment of the airclub, airfields an on crews," Proceedings of Inter-Noise 85, Munich, Germany 1985
D. Zoric, M. Tausanovic, D. Zoric "The new noise exposure contours as a function of the individually protected buildings close to the airport," Proceedings of Inter-Noise 85, Munich, Germany 1985 1984
D. Zoric, M. Tausanovic, S. Gvozdenovic, M. Vuckovic, "Influence of direct protection measures on the noise exposure contours around airports," Proceedings of Inter-Noise 84, Honolulu, USA, 1984
1983 S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric, "Development of the airport of Belgrade and the problem of protection of nearby suburbs houses from excessive aircraft noise," Proceedings of Inter-Noise 83, Edinburgh, UK, 1983
M. Tausanovic, D. Kadak, S. Gvozdenovic Layout loading aircraft in operation to reduce fuel consumption ", Proceedings of the X Sym-op is 83, Herceg-Novi, 1983
S. Gvozdenica, D. Zoric, "Reliability analysis of the execution of the foreseen timetable," X sym-op is 83, Herceg-Novi, 1983
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "What capacity aircraft on the tertiary network of air traffic Yugoslavia", Proceedings of the VI Congress of JAD, Belgrade 1983 D. Kadak, S. Gvozdenovic "gravity position of aircraft in operation to reduce fuel consumption", Proceedings of the VI Congress of JAD, Belgrade 1983
S. Gvozdenovic "The strategy of choice of new aircraft in the fleet of aircraft carriers", Proceedings of II Yugoslav consultation on the strategy of technological development, Split 1983 1982
Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "The existing possibilities for increasing the productivity of our current fleet of aircraft in operation freight", Proceedings of the DIT-Productivity 82, 1982 Becici
D. Zoric, D. Lukic, S. Gvozdenovic "Noise control program for the airport Split based on the interviewing of the residents in the surrounding settlements analysis of the existing take-off and landing procedures and direct aircraft noise measurements", Proceedings Inter-Noise 82, San Francisco, USA, 1982
M. Vuckovic, D. Zoric, M. Tausanovic, S. Gvozdenovic "Methodology of adaption and practical verification of the noise exposure contours calculation model for actual cases of application", Proceedings Inter-Noise 82, San Francisco, USA, 1982
S. Gvozdenovic, M. Vuckovic, "justification of the existing airport runway extension in the former Yugoslavia in order to increase the payload-range aircraft," Proceedings of the XI Congress SDPJ, Opatija 1982 1981
D. Zoric, S. Gvozdenovic, "The contours of NEF values as the verification process and changes the distribution of take-offs and landings in order to reduce exposure to noise around airports," Proceedings of the IAM, Belgrade 1981
S. Gvozdenovic, M. Vuckovic, "Determination of the daily frequency of performing the function of transport aircraft capacity on the network", Proceedings of V Congress JAD, Belgrade 1981
1980
S. Gvozdenovic, M. Vuckovic, "The needs and possibilities of standardization of airport equipment", Proceedings-Standardization 80, Sarajevo 1980 1979
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Stankovic, "The system maintenance in commercial aviation," Proceedings of IV Congress of JAD's, Ljubljana 1979
S. Gvozdenovic, "Comparison of economic and financial indicators of the aircraft as a criterion of selecting the optimal aircraft for a specific network of lines", Proceedings of the IV Congress of JAD's, Ljubljana 1979 1978
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric, "The geographic arrangement of flying commercial aircraft," in Proc VII thematic counseling agricultural aviation, Pancevo 1978
S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric "pilot fatigue as a cause of accidents in air transport," Tech-Transport 2 / 1978
1975 S. Gvozdenovic, D. Zoric, "A contribution to the study of causal correlation between the accidents in commercial aviation", Proceedings of the II Congress of JAD, Zagreb 1975 |